2.1. Intro

The integration of electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) data has offered a valuable way to understand the dynamic relationship between brain and heart functions, a field often referred to as heart-brain dynamics or neurocardiology. Both EEG and ECG are essential for capturing neural and cardiac activities, each offering unique insights that can enhance our understanding of human physiological and psychological states. Among various applications of EEG-ECG integration, emotion recognition is particularly compelling for its potential in real-time interaction and mental health monitoring. This section provides an overview of the importance and applications of EEG and ECG in exploring heart-brain interactions, with a focus on how these signals support emotion recognition for adaptive and health-focused technologies.